HUBUNGAN DOWN SYNDROME DENGAN TERJADINYA KARIES GIGI: SCOPING REVIEW
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Down syndrome merupakan kelainan genetik yang berasal dari kelainan kromosom 21 yang paling sering menyebabkan disabilitas intelektual. Disabilitas intelektual yang terjadi menyebabkan keterbatasan dalam adopsi perilaku sehingga masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut tak dapat dihindari salah satunya karies gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan down syndrome dengan terjadinya karies gigi, prevalensi karies gigi pada penderita down syndrome dan komposisi saliva pada penderita down syndrome terhadap kejadian karies gigi. Jenis penelitian berupa studi pustaka dan bentuk Scoping Review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada database PubMed, Science Direct, dan Taylor and Francis Online. Setelah dilakukan dilakukan seleksi artikel sesuai dengan topik. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa down syndrome memiliki hubungan terhadap peningkatan dan penurunan kejadian karies gigi dengan keterlibatan faktor-faktor tertentu. Peningkatan kejadian karies gigi berkaitan dengan faktor disabilitas perilaku, hipotonus otot wajah, usia, sosial ekonomi keluarga yang rendah, kurang fluoridasi, konsumsi sukrosa tinggi, dan kurangnya tindakan preventif. Penurunan kejadian karies gigi berkaitan dengan keterlambatan erupsi, oligodontia kengenital, sosial ekonomi keluarga yang tinggi, perbedan komposisi saliva dan perbedaan komposisi mikroba saliva. Perbedaan komposisi saliva yaitu pada pH, IgA, laju alir dan kadar elektrolit yang lebih tinggi serta komposisi mikroba yaitu Streptococcus mutans yang lebih rendah. Kesimpulan diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan antara down syndrome terhadap peningkatan dan penurunan kejadian karies gigi, serta ditemukan komposisi dan kepadatan mikroba saliva yang berbeda pada penderita down syndrome yang berkaitan dengan penurunan kejadian karies gigi.
Kata Kunci: Down Syndrome, Trisomy 21, Dental Caries, Dental Decay
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31869/mi.v16i2.3295
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