Tinjauan Literatur : Analisis Hubungan Kandungan Hemiselulosa dan Rendemen Furfural

Dewi Arziyah, Anwar Kasim, Alfi Asben, Munzir Busniah

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Biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan limbah hasil pertanian, perkebunan yang mempunyai kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Biomassa lignoselulosa yang jumlahnya sangat melimpah dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi salah satu produk biokimia yaitu furfural karena memiliki kandungan hemiselulosa yang merupakan bahan yang dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan furfural. Furfural adalah pelarut yang dihasilkan dari hemiselulosa/pentosan tumbuhan (xylan,arabinan dan polyuronids). Furfural diperoleh dari hidrolisis bahan hemiselulosa menggunakan larutan asam. Furfural merupakan cairan tidak berwarna yang memiliki aroma khas yang berguna sebagai bahan perantara dalam industri. Proses komersial pertama untuk produksi furfural adalah dimulai oleh Quaker Oats pada tahun 1921. Saat ini, produksi furfural terkonsentrasi di China, lebih kurang 70% dari produksi furfural global. Kebutuhan (demand) furfural dan turunannya di dalam negeri meski tidak terlalu besar namun jumlahnya terus meningkat. Hingga saat ini seluruh kebutuhan furfural untuk dalam negeri diperoleh melalui impor. Review ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi kandungan limbah biomassa dari komoditi unggulan di Sumatera Barat, diantaranya limbah tanaman jagung, limbah tanaman kelapa, limbah tanaman kelapa sawit, limbah tanaman tebu,dan limbah tanaman padi. Review yang dilakukan juga untuk melihat hubungan kandungan hemiselulosa dengan rendemen furfural dari limbah-limbah tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Biomassa,  Lignoselulosa, Furfural, Hemiselulosa  


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31869/mi.v18i1.5557

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