Tanwir Arabiyyah: Arabic as Foreign Language Journal

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
The process and way of thinking about various projects to achieve a goal can be called "planning" (Sanwil et al., 2021:135). In KBBI, the term "planning" comes from the word "plan" meaning the design or framework for something to be carried out (Hasil Pencarian -KBBI Daring, n.d.). Based on the needs analysis in determining the goals to be achieved with complete documents, the steps are continued in achieving goals effectively. Planning will be helpful in terms of the implementation both long-term and short term (Switri, 2022:54-55).
Planning is inseparable from the process, in this case, the learning process, namely how teachers are able to direct learning, are able to help and provide guidance to students in the learning process which later becomes an experience for students in learning. This also concerns the learning environment or the process of interaction between students and teachers in a learning environment. Therefore, in order to run and achieve goals, it is necessary to have a plan to then implement and evaluate whether the planned plan has been implemented effectively and efficiently.
A good, relevant, and flexible learning process cannot be separated from a learning plan. The main and most important element for teachers is a systematic syllabus and also having continuity between the material and the competencies possessed by students, so that the results obtained will also be more satisfying.
Based on the explanation above, the author would discuss Arabic language learning planning which consists of definitions, sources, goals, and content.

METHOD
Through a qualitative approach, this study used the literature review method to analyze the data. The types of data used were sourced from various literature, books, notes, magazines, relevant studies, and related articles (Azlia Cahyani Ngalawi & Hakim Zainal, 2020). The steps of data collection are; (1) collect data in accordance with the sub-topics discussed, (2) collect and classify data from sources for analysis, (3) analyze the advantages and disadvantages related to the data, (4) conclude the results of the analysis with ideas (Nazhyfa et al., n.d.).

Definition of Arabic Learning Planning
Roger A. Kaufman (Perspektif Manajemen Pembelajaran Program Keterampilan, 2016:12) as an educational figure (United States International University) stated that learning is a procedure that will be carried out by teachers to achieve the desired goals. Nana dan Sukirman in Mushlih )2019) stated that learning planning is an elaboration, enrichment and development of the curriculum.
Planning in Arabic is called ‫يط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ for example ‫يط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ناهخ‬ ‫)امل‬ curriculum planning), ‫وي‬ ‫ترب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫تخ‬ ‫)ال‬ learning planning) ‫ية‬ ‫لم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫يط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫تخ‬ ‫)ال‬ planning process). The term ‫يط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ is a word indicating an understanding of the conceptuality of the various activities carried out (Switri, 2022). Majid in "Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan (2016)" on planning as determination in work must be carried out by the community or group in achieving goals. Before the activity is carried out, planning must be formulated. Teachers must ensure that they have competence in what is taught, what teachers can do, and what is expected from learning (goals).
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that planning is designed in a systematic, logical, and well-organized program in accordance with clear intentions and goals. In essence, an instructional plan is essentially a part of education as well as learning, and of course, this is intended to later separate knowledge, education, and other learning.
The process of determining a decision from a result of rational thinking on discussing certain learning goals, as well as changing attitudes and behavior by utilizing all existing capabilities and learning resources is called learning planning, Widyastuti et al., (2021). It is necessary to have planning before teaching in class, this aims to achieve learning goals. As for learning goals, specifically in this case Arabic learning goals, namely to improve a language skill, and these language skills start from good and correct nahwu and sharaf, and are also able to increase vocabulary, while language skills are divided into four parts, namely maharah qira 'ah, kalam, istima; and the book (reading, speaking, listening and writing) (Farhad & Sa'diyah, 2021).
Planning before teaching is the most important thing in the success of teachers. Planning must be in the worksheet. The importance of learning planning is as follows; (1) can help teachers during teaching, (2) can provide comfort to students, (3) a control tool for an institution, also to achieve curriculum goals (Putrianingsih et al., n.d.). In another opinion, learning planning aims to make the process run by providing an understanding related to learning goals, learning strategies, learning techniques, and also the media used to achieve a goal. This learning plan can later change the behavior of students and all a series of activities carried out in the learning process can make achieving goals designed and made. Therefore, the existence of a learning plan can later become a guideline for planning a lesson according to the desired needs. Gentry in Ghozali et al., n.d. In the explanation that has been explained, a conclusion can be drawn regarding learning planning as something very important in a learning process, in order to achieve the desired goals, it must be considered to determine how the learning process is carried out in accordance with the goals, and a learning plan must pay attention to how the method, strategies, techniques and media that will be used in carrying out the learning process in the classroom.

Sources of Arabic Language Learning Planning
According to Law on National Education System Number 20 of 2003, learning is the interaction of students, teachers, and learning sources in a learning environment. Learning is designed as an interaction between teachers and one or more people to develop the knowledge, skills, and learning experiences of students. Based on the Law of the National Education System, learning planning is an important step that must be carried out by teachers before learning and educational activities and achieving the final goals of learning. Learning is not just a routine activity, it is didactic communication with messages, systems, procedures, and goals. Therefore, teachers must prepare themselves carefully to carry out the learning process.

Goals of Arabic Language Learning Planning
The main goal of preparing learning plans is to facilitate the implementation of learning. The learning plan is a reminder for teachers to prepare, use media, choose learning strategies, use class systems, and other technical issues. As happens in the field, there are always different ways to achieve optimal results. When making plans, decisions are made regarding which option is best, so that the process of achieving goals runs efficiently.
Therefore, planning allows several things; (1) there is a process planned as well as possible aimed at avoiding an accidental success, meaning in this case it can be seen to what extent a success has been achieved, 2) it is used in solving problems, or in other words tools can be used in solving problems, 3) being able to use a learning source properly, 4) with planning, learning is not carried out in a hurry or suddenly but in a welldirected way (Cahya Edi Setyawan, 2020). In Arabic language learning, in order to make students proficient, the goals are to encourage, provide guidance, and be able to develop Arabic language skills effectively and receptively. The ability to understand other people or to understand a text is called comprehension. In addition to comprehension, improving language skills as a means of spoken and written communication is called productivity. Providing knowledge in Arabic relates to sources of Islamic teachings such as the Qur'an, hadith, and Islamic books. (Keagamaan, 2018).

Content of Arabic Language Learning
Learning planning is related to curriculum planning, enrichment, and development. Not only the curriculum, but teachers must also see and consider the conditions and situation, and potential of the school in developing the curriculum. Thus, the impact on content or learning design models is developed in a different educational manner. In planning, it is necessary to have a syllabus with a learning plan, where these two things contain related subjects, SK (competence standards), KI (core competencies), KD (basic competencies), learning indicators, achievements, learning goals, material taught, allocation time, method, strategy, evaluation and learning sources. Planning aims to achieve goals as efficiently and effectively as possible. Likewise, before delivering learning materials, teachers must prepare a plan by determining the goals to be achieved and what methods and means are needed to achieve these goals as efficiently and effectively as possible.
In designing a learning plan, teachers must first look at the components that will be explained to achieve the desired goals, while the steps in preparing a learning planning component are as follows:

Formulating Goals
The formulation of learning goals can refer to Bloom's Taxonomy (1956), where learning goals are divided into 3 parts, namely: (1) a domain discussing activities carried out by thinking (cognitive), 2) a domain explaining attitudes and values (affective), 3) a domain regarding skills must be owned (psychomotor). This can be the main reference in formulating learning goals, in this case, teachers can be assisted in preparing the learning process properly, and are also able to design strategies and methods that will be carried out later, besides that teachers are also able to determine tools, media, and learning sources and determine the appropriate type of evaluation, so that later it can assist students in acquiring language skills, and to find out the relation between between goals and the curriculum used.

Learning Materials
Subject matter is learning material explaining the content of the curriculum and the basic competencies that must be mastered by students, the goal of this basic competency is to achieve a competency standard for each subject in an educational unit. Materials can be concepts, facts, or basic ideas of knowledge (Aflisia, 2016). For this reason, material is the most important part of a learning process, because this learning process is a collection of information that must be mastered by students as stated in the current curriculum.
There are two models, namely a separate system (nadzriyah al-furu'), namely the Arabic language learning program is carried out by dividing the language into several branches of study and an integrated system (nadzariyat al-wahdah) which views language as a unified whole and is interrelated with one another (Saefuloh & Aflisia, 2022).
Sudjana in (DR. Tarpan Suparman, 2020) explained things need to be considered in determining a learning material, namely: 1. Material is taught to achieve learning goals 2. The material is written in outline, no need to write in detail. 3. The material taught must be in accordance with the teaching material and this teaching material must also be in accordance with learning goals. Material from teaching sources must be written clearly and in detail. 4. The order of teaching material should pay attention to continuity. 5. Material is arranged simply and must be complex, which is arranged from easy to difficult, concrete to complex so that later students can easily understand it. 6. The material must contain factual and conceptual learning material. Factual means easy while conceptual means requiring a deep understanding.

Learning Method
The method of conveying useful learning materials in achieving goals, and determining the success of a learning process based on the function of a learning method and entering into an integral part of a teaching system is called the learning method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the learning method is the way or steps used to convey a material or teaching material from teachers to students in order to support the success of the designed learning goals Dr. Rusydi Ananda et al.,.

Learning Media
Learning media is useful in facilitating teachers in conveying the aims and goals of the material being taught to students. Media can make it easier for students to understand the intent of the messages conveyed by teachers, and media is also useful in motivating students in learning (Ritonga et al., 2016). Many media that can be used as learning aids include audio, audiovisual, and visual.

Learning Sources
Learning sources in the learning environment are used functionally in optimizing learning outcomes which can later motivate students in learning, so as to accelerate students in mastering the knowledge or material being studied

Assessment of Learning Outcomes
Assessment of learning outcomes refers to methods or techniques for determining the results achieved by students. In the context of learning planning, pedagogy makes assessment an important part of the learning itself. This means assessment is an integral part of planning and implementation. Assessment certainly aims to find out the learning outcomes of students and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of educational activities as material for the development and improvement of educational programs.
In general, the evaluation of learning outcomes aims to see how far the learning program can achieve the predetermined goals. In particular, Reece and Walker as cited by Aunurrahman (2011:209) explain the evaluation of learning outcomes aims as follows; (1) strengthening learning activities, (2) testing students' understanding and skills, (3) supporting the implementation of learning activities, (4) maintaining quality standards, (5) accelerating learning processes and outcomes, (6) predicting future learning outcomes, and (7) evaluating the learning quality (Abdulrahaman et al., 2020); (Ritonga, Wahyuni, et al., 2023).
Thus, the evaluation makes it possible to find out how the achievements of students in mastering and understanding the material being taught does not only apply to teachers but also to the students themselves. Students can find out which material needs need clarification or not, and of course regarding the next program improvement.

CONCLUSIONS
Learning planning is a systematic process of learning development used to ensure the quality of learning based on theory. According to Law on National Education System Number 20 of 2003, learning is the interaction of students and teachers and learning resources in a learning environment. Learning is designed as an interaction between teachers and one or more people to develop the knowledge, skills, and learning experiences of students. By improving learning, it is expected to improve the quality of learning carried out by learning designers.